Vse sovremennyye otrasli promyshlennogo proizvodstva napravleny na razvitiye vysokotekhnologicheskikh protsessov, kotoroye nevozmozhno bez vnedreniya sovremennykh metodov svarki.
Razvitiye svarochnykh tekhnologiy segodnya predpolagayet obyazatel'noye ispol'zovaniye avtomatov i poluavtomatov, chto garantiruyet printsipial'no inoye kachestvo svarki i isklyuchayet defekty, svyazannyye s chelovecheskim faktorom. Eta tekhnologiya pozvolyayet sushchestvenno sokratit' energozatraty i isklyuchayet neobkhodimost' imet' ekologicheski nebezuprechnoye khimicheskoye travleniye u potrebiteley.
Traditsionnaya tekhnologiya podgotovki pod svarku provoloki vklyuchayet v sebya: razmatyvaniye trebuyemogo kolichestva provoloki iz bukhty iz rascheta na 1 den' raboty, obezzhirivaniye rastvoritelem(shcheloch'yu) dlya udaleniya konservatsionnoy smazki , travleniye dlya udaleniya oksidnoy plenki, namatyvaniye provoloki na kassetu svarochnogo avtomata, neposredstvenno svarka. Elektrolit, kotoryy ispol'zuyut dlya elektrokhimicheskogo travleniya (polirovaniya) vklyuchayet v sebya ortofosfornuyu i sernuyu kislotu. Iz-za khimicheskoy aktivnosti alyuminiya i yego splavov sushchestvuyet ogranicheniye po vremeni mezhdu operatsiyami podgotovki svarochnoy alyuminiyevoy provoloki i svarkoy, ono dolzhno sostavlyat' pri uslovii vypolneniya operatsiy ukazannykh vyshe ne boleye neskol'kikh chasov (dney). Eto zavisit ot urovnya tekhnologii i spetsializatsii predpriyatiya.
V nastoyashcheye vremya Opytnyy zavod «Avial'» - eto yedinstvennoye proizvodstvo v Rossii, kotoroye ispol'zuyet tekhnologiyu finishnoy ochistki provoloki, posle kotoroy ona polnost'yu gotova k primeneniyu i ne trebuyet dopolnitel'nykh zatrat na yeye podgotovku k rabote: pravku i travleniye. Primenyayemaya na nashem proizvodstve tekhnologiya i ispol'zovaniye vakuumnoy upakovki pozvolyayet isklyuchit' iz protsessa podgotovki k svarke prisadochnogo materiala takuyu trudoyemkuyu i neekologichnuyu operatsiyu, kak ochistka poverkhnosti svarochnoy provoloki ot okislov alyuminiya.
To, chto razvitiye svarochnogo proizvodstva idet po etomu puti podtverzhdayetsya perekhodom vse bol'shego chisla predpriyatiy na svarku s primeneniyem uzhe gotovoy k ispol'zovaniyu provoloki, polirovannoy i namotannoy na kassety ustanovlennogo yevrostandarta. Tol'ko za posledneye vremya takiye predpriyatiya kak ZAO «ZEM RKK «Energiya», OAO «ISS», OAO «OKB «Novator», Filial OAO «Kompaniya «Sukhoy» «KnAAZ im.YU.A.Gagarina, OAO «Kolomenskiy zavod», bol'shinstvo predpriyatiy sudostroitel'noy otrasli pereshli na poluavtomaticheskuyu svarku. Sootvetstvenno padayet ob"yem potreblyayemoy provoloki izgotovlennoy v bukhtakh i trebuyushchey predvaritel'noy obrabotki travleniyem pered svarkoy.
V iyule etogo goda byli provedeny ispytaniya na Sudostroitel'nom zavode «Severnaya verf'». Tsel'yu ispytaniy bylo poverit' v laboratorii svarki svarochno-tekhnologicheskiye svoystva alyuminiyevykh prutkov marki SvAMG61 diametrom 3,15mm dlya ruchnoy argono-dugovoy svarki, predostavlennykh zavodom «Avial'».
Развернуть 2892/5000All modern branches of industrial production are aimed at the development of high-tech processes, which is impossible without the introduction of modern welding methods.
The development of welding technologies today presupposes the mandatory use of automatic and semiautomatic devices, which guarantees a fundamentally different welding quality and excludes defects associated with the human factor. This technology can significantly reduce energy costs and eliminates the need for environmentally faulty chemical pickling for consumers.
Traditional technology of wire preparation for welding includes: unwinding the required amount of wire from the coil per 1 day of work, degreasing with a solvent (alkali) to remove the preservative grease, etching to remove the oxide film, winding the wire onto the cassette of the welding machine, directly welding. The electrolyte used for electrochemical etching (polishing) includes phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. Due to the chemical activity of aluminum and its alloys, there is a time limit between the operations of preparing the welding aluminum wire and welding, it should be, provided that the above operations are performed, no more than several hours (days). It depends on the level of technology and specialization of the enterprise.
At present, the Avial Pilot Plant is the only production in Russia that uses the technology of finishing wire cleaning, after which it is completely ready for use and does not require additional costs for its preparation for work: straightening and pickling. The technology used in our production and the use of vacuum packaging makes it possible to exclude from the process of preparing the filler material for welding such a laborious and non-ecological operation as cleaning the surface of the welding wire from aluminum oxides.
The fact that the development of welding production follows this path is confirmed by the transition of an increasing number of enterprises to welding using ready-to-use wire, polished and wound on cassettes of the established European standard. Only recently, such enterprises as ZAO ZEM RKK Energia, OJSC ISS, OJSC OKB Novator, the Branch of OJSC Sukhoi Company, KnAAZ named after Yu.A. Gagarin, OJSC Kolomensky Zavod, most of the shipbuilding industry has switched to semi-automatic welding. Accordingly, the volume of consumed wire made in coils and requiring pretreatment by pickling before welding decreases.
In July of this year, tests were carried out at the Severnaya Verf Shipyard. The purpose of the tests was to verify in the welding laboratory the welding and technological properties of SvAMG61 aluminum rods with a diameter of 3.15 mm for manual argon-arc welding, provided by the Avial plant.
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